Analyzing corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a multi-criteria problem. This paper firstly introduces gray relation and entropy weighting methods in order to find a solution to analyze and rank corporations from this point of view. The proposed technique that conducted through combining these two methods, will become more reliable decision making criterion. Furthermore, since in literature there are different dimensions suggested for CSR, entropy method is used to determine the relative importance of each dimension. Awareness-raising questionnaire prepared by the social responsibility unit of European Commission was used to measure corporate responsibility. By applying these methods, 10 active pharmaceutical material and products manufacturing corporations were investigated and in terms of paying attention to social responsibilities, Pars Daro corporation placed first. This technique not only helps corporations to diagnose their weaknesses and strengths, but also helps them to know their position against competitors and make better decisions to promote corporate rank in social responsibility.

The vehicle braking system is considered to be one of the most fundamental safety-critical systems in modern vehicles, as its main purpose is to stop or decelerate the vehicle. The frictional heat generated during braking application can cause numerous negative effects on the brake assembly, such as brake fade, premature wear, thermal cracks and disc thickness variation. In the past, surface roughness and wear at the pad interface have rarely been considered in studies of the thermal analysis of a disc brake assembly using the finite element method. The ventilated pad-disc brake assembly is built by a three-dimensional model with a thermo mechanical coupling boundary condition and multi-body model technique. The numerical simulation for the coupled transient thermal field and stress field is carried out sequentially with the thermal-structural coupled method, based on ANSYS software, to evaluate the stress fields of deformations that are established in the disc with the pressure of the pads and in the conditions of tightening of the disc; thus, the contact pressure distributions field in the pads is obtained, which is another significant aspect in this research. The results obtained by the simulation are satisfactorily compared with those of the specialized literature.

Paying attention to the sustainability of the housing sector as the most important urban element in sustainable urban development is considered one of the most essential aspects; therefore, knowing the indicators of suitable housing and trying to achieve the desired housing is important for sustainable urban development. Considering the importance of housing in the structure of today's cities and the lives of citizens, it is important to pay attention to the principles of sustainable development for achieving the spatial and social justice, and quantitative and qualitative desirability of uses especially residential use. Therefore, the aim of the research was to investigate and spatially analyze sustainable housing indicators in Tehran metropolis. For the descriptive-analytical research, quantitative entropy models, Gray Relation Analysis (GRA), Moran's spatial autocorrelation statistics and Arc GIS software were used to investigate and spatially analyze sustainable housing indicators in 22 districts of Tehran metropolis. The results showed that the spatial distribution pattern of sustainable housing indicators at 22 districts of Tehran is clustered. Districts 1, 22 and 21, respectively, have a gray rank of 0.638. 0.554, and 0.550 in terms of having the studied indicators and are in a favorable condition. Statistically, about 0.4% of the districts are in favorable condition, 0.41% in semi-favorable condition, and 0.45% in unfavorable condition. Geographically, the southeastern districts of Tehran are in an unfavorable condition, and sustainable housing indicators get worse going from north to south and west to east of Tehran.

Since the relationship between soil and water status of plants and its effect on growth, propagation and metabolism process, the effect of water stress on Parthenium argetatum, was investigated. Irrigation treatments were selected based on different percentage of field capacity (FC), including (1)a control sample which was irrigated to full field capacity during the growing season (FC), (2) two moderate water stress treatments (LS1=75% and LS2=50% of field capacity) and (3) severe water stress treatments (HS=25% of field capacity). Results showed that plant RWC (relative water content) decreased from 65.8% to 42.8%. Also water stress induced high amount of sugar and proline. The amount of sugar was the highest in sever treatment (HS=2.9 mg/g FW) while it was the least in FC treatment (1.07 mg/g FW). The amount of proline was the highest in sever treatment (HS= 4.28 mM) while it changed from 1.1 in LS1, 1.56 in LS2 and the least (0.96 mM) in FC treatments.

The purpose of this study is to survey cross section changes of the animal brain samples during the tension and compression tests and comparison of the experimental results for three animals: bovine, sheep, and rabbit. A linear elastic theory with considering the necking in tension and barreling in compression has been considered for brain tissue. Bridgman method for tension and cross section updating method (using a picture analyzing through a computer program to trace cross section changes during the test) for compression has been applied in order to consider necking and barreling. It is shown that the effect of cross section changes of the samples during the test is not negligible. Differences in the behavior of brain tissue of bovine, sheep, and rabbit in both compression and tension are discussed. Results are in good agreement with previous works in the literature.

Parthenium argentatum Gray. (Guayule) is a perennial shrub and a source of latex. The essential oil of flowers and latex has distinctive odor and honey bees which are effective pollen carriers of this species, are mostly being attracted to its flowers. Therefore, the flowers oil of cultivar UC/100, collected in July 2004 from Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands field, was investigated. The essential oil isolated by hydro-distillation was analyzed by a combination of GC and GC/MS. The mean oil content was 0.8% (w/w). A total of sixteen components were identified representing 97.6% of the oil. The main constitutes of the essential oil were a-pinene (27.2%), b-phellandrene (17.0%), g-eudesmol (11.3%), b-pinene (10.0%), b-eudesmol (9.0%), bicyclogermacrene (4.0%). Other components present in appreciable amounts were sabinene (7.3%), a-eudesmol (1.9%), bornyl acetate (1.6%), germacrene D (1.4%) and (Ε)-b-ocimene (2.2%).

Purpose: For managers, investors and creditors, it is important to be aware of the continuity of the company. To this end, financial researchers are looking for effective methods to evaluate the company's performance and predict the continuation of its activities in the coming years. Methodology: In previous research, the standard data envelopment analysis model has been used to predict corporate bankruptcy. The present study aims to provide a model of data envelopment analysis with semi-positive and negative indicators to predict the bankruptcy of companies operating in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange constitute the statistical population of the research. To achieve this goal, a sample consisting of 40 non-bankrupt companies and 20 bankrupt companies in the years 1393 to 1397 were selected. The criterion for selecting bankrupt companies is Article 141 of the Commercial Code. Findings: To combine tax ratios that have a more significant correlation with the financial situation of the company, the combined approach of gray relationship analysis and two-level data envelopment analysis has been used. Originality/Value: First, a two-level data envelopment analysis model for semi-positive and negative indices will be developed, then the correct prediction of bankruptcy with its absence will be examined using the results of the proposed model.

Sadegh Hedayat, famous Iranian writer, was always interested in history and presented Iran with a look of worshiping the past. Thus most of his books can be viewed in this respect. The Blind Owl is one of his works that can be analyzed from this aspect. This work includes some points about a traditional culture. This culture is famous as gray earthenware culture belonging to immigrant Aryan peoples in Rey (Rages), Turkmenistan and India. Hedayat constantly refers to gray color, and signs of Aryan people’s immigration in this story and the place of event that is the archaic city of Rey, and his tendency to ethnography suggests that there might be some link between this culture and The Blind Owl which this paper searches for.